1, and write a new chapter in governance
desert control national anti-desertification Assembly held in Beijing. This is Sand cadres and the masses eagerly awaited event in the community is highly concerned about the important meeting, for further promoting the cause of desertification is of great significance.
work since the last meeting of the National Desertification Control decade, especially in the new century, the State Council adopted a series of strong measures, and comprehensively promote the cause of desertification. We achieved a net reduction of the national area of desertified land, effectively improved the ecological conditions and agricultural production conditions and promoting rural economic restructuring and changes in production methods, maintaining the national unity and stability in border areas for the national ecological improvement, economic development and social progress made important contributions, out of a situation for China, with Chinese characteristics, the way to solve desertification problems. This is the Sand people and hard workers, the results of the majority of sand control, ecological construction,cheap UGG boots, the party and state principles and policies of the great success.
land desertification in China is the world's one of the countries most affected, there are 1.7397 million square kilometers of desertified land, accounting for land area of nearly 1 / 5, western and ethnic minority areas and border areas is desertification The main distribution area of land, land desertification affects nearly 4 million people nationwide in the production and life in some areas, desertification is still expanding. The basic conditions of desertification issue has always been China's modernization process must address a significant issue well, also determines the desert prevention is always the overall economic and social sustainable development, an important task.
harmonious cause, the ecological-oriented. Comprehensively advance the cause of desertification is not only to improve the quality of life sandy areas, construction of the urgent need for a new socialist countryside, but also to promote national unity and building a socialist harmonious society, the urgent need; not only to maintain and expand the survival and development of the Chinese nation space, and promote sustainable economic and social development of the urgent need to practically implement the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, maintaining global ecological security are urgently needed. We must protect the foundation of survival and development of the Chinese nation, from promoting economic and social sustainable development and building a socialist harmonious society fully understand the extreme importance of strengthening the sand prevention and control to the state, the nation and the future generations future generations of highly responsible attitude, to really put on anti-desertification strategy for national economic and social development of the location, really put the sand in economic and social development of the most important position, effectively undertake the glorious mission entrusted by the times, consistently to Combat Desertification forward the cause of the sand.
New anti-desertification, we must fully implement the scientific concept of development, putting prevention first, scientific management, rational use of the policy, follow the natural, economic and social development, the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control, scientific prevention and control law. To firmly establish the long-term ideological struggle, to mobilize all social forces to establish and consolidate the sand as the main vegetation ecological security system as soon as possible so as to enable the construction of treatment results of regional consolidation, as soon as possible was an expanding area of land desertification trend is checked, the majority of the sand as soon as possible of the ecological situation is significantly improved, in order to build a socialist new countryside, building a socialist harmonious society and make greater contributions.
the historical process of desertification in China, the emergence of a large number of advanced collectives and desertification heroes characters. They are loyal guards to protect the environment, but also meritorious China's ecological construction minister. Their hard work, willing to sacrifice the spirit, will inspire more people to join the sand control business. Let us sweat and unremitting struggle together to create a more harmonious and happy life, and write a more splendid chapter in desertification.
2, new ideas
desert control more than 70 million square kilometers of desert, the Gobi desert 570,000 square kilometers, there are 150,000 square kilometers altitude desert, basically in the west. And the desert to more than 3400 square kilometers per year is still the speed is increasing, and has become the scourge and the root causes of disasters. Transformation of the desert has always been the dream of generations of mankind. However, due to lack of financial investment, water restrictions and other factors, little progress in green sand control: local improvement, global degradation, dust storms, or repeatedly hit.
powerful forum recently saw However, if the article says its aspects of the current cost of solar power and thermal power, hydropower is still too high compared to the other is located in the desert west of the southeast coastal city of big demand for electricity far apart, transmission costs are too high, while the northern edge of thermal power there. I think that maybe this
available cheap plastic woven fabric, plastic film to cover the Sand --- about their bedding in the sand and use sandbags hold him down, so that dust can not be blown away. On the one hand and the On the other hand with green sand control methods such as planting trees and grass compared to covering the benefits of combating desertification is not subject to water restrictions,UGGs, while not seedlings, planting time, and so restrictions, day and night, seasonal large scale construction (because plastic woven fabric, plastic film to more industrialized than the large quantities of seed production to meet the needs of the construction of large-scale). At the same time bear fruit quickly, because planting trees and grass growing time is needed, Moreover, they can be difficult to guarantee survival. In fact the construction of the Three-North Shelterbelt ago, has also been facing water shortage due to danger of destruction. Sand covered
While the project can not be output to the direct return, but considering this project better able to promote employment (because it is labor-intensive projects) and stimulate economic growth; reduce sand invasion, the desert enlargement of the damage, and can indirectly increase the output; There is also the gradual greening has created favorable conditions for development of the western and so on --- that is opened when the water or need to cover the re-greening, or for use in industrial and agricultural development of land . Social benefits should be a good public works are worthy of consideration by the Government.
course, with cheap plastic woven fabric, plastic film to cover the feasibility degree of sand control for further research is needed: such as the cheap plastic woven fabric, plastic film resistant to that is how high maintenance costs, and with the high prices of anti-And be able to find cheap and anti-! Also be covered by a detailed comparison of Sand and Green Sand Control methods such as planting trees and grass in the short and long-term costs and short-and long-term and direct and indirect benefits on what exactly an advantage: if the comprehensive coverage of high cost of combating desertification is also may be difficult to implement, or can only be really difficult for green sand control key areas: the flow of water sand dunes are likely to cause dust storms of the ancient lake, saline land and more. If only slightly higher than the green sand control, these benefits are taken into account, to cover the sand control project can be implemented by. Sand covers less than the overall cost if the green sand control, then the feasibility of a more naturally.
But in fact, taking into account the restrictions due to water, hardly in the desert through large-scale afforestation to permanently govern the desert. So even if the high cost of covering sand control, it could be the next cure the only viable option against the desert had to be implemented.
Part II: Typical examples of ideas and
1. The process to wind erosion and pasture land aeolian interaction. The latter cover the surface of sand layer thickness of 10 cm above the standard. Accumulation of sand material and more material from the surface of the region, that are Environmental degradation, land desertification is a symbol of a positive feedback process of environmental instability. They do not take basic measures to the process of wind erosion and desertification of land not only does not stop, it will increase development. decline in land productivity, environmental degradation process. Desertification is the current world environment is an important issue, but also a prominent geological problems. Serious problem is There is also the land of desertification. Desertification land in China, where desertification of the land has 17.6 million square kilometers, the potential danger of land desertification in 15.8 million square kilometers, in the wet sand of the land area of 1.9 million square kilometers. The population affected by desertification more than 5000 million people, nearly 400 million hectares of dry farmland and 500 million hectares of grassland affected. In recent years, China's desertified land from the original 13.7 square kilometers to 176,000 square kilometers. Therefore, China is faced with the erosion of land resources, the situation is grim.
2. Although the mid-call ecological management, the state has put a lot of manpower and material resources, but the sandy area in western China is still accelerating deterioration of the ecological environment. Faced with an increasingly serious ecological disaster, we pick from the
source of sand appears ecological The source of strong dust storm in the Northwest Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Gansu Province Alashan Minqin deteriorating ecological environment within the local group of farmers and herdsmen were forced out after the relocation of production and living conditions, to an ecological
HE Nelson Mandela in Cosby (Township), 40-year-old Meng root of its helpless of its grid, said 20 years ago, her home town in the Soviet Union grazing camels Tamu living, due to草场 degradation and desertification is more serious and rapid decline in her family's sheep and more than 10 only, Quanjia four people can not earn a living by grazing, then the help of the local government began to move to a farming life hematoxylin Mandela, now species the 30 acres of land. It is understood that Mandela hematoxylin years from Cosby has ecologically fragile areas such as Bangladesh has accepted the root of its eco-grid home that
Alashan distributed two Badanjilin and the Tengger Desert, total area of about 27 million square kilometers of desertified land in which more than 80%. Under the action of the strong north wind, in recent years Badanjilin desert sand dunes to an average annual rate of 20 meters into the southward invasion, has been localized with sand and the southwest edge of Tengger Desert, According to the State forestry departments, through satellite monitoring of the field investigation found that between the emergence of the two desert sand with three new. With the further deterioration of the local ecological environment and strong winds exacerbated drought, desertification Alashan land is an area of 1,000 square kilometers a year extension.
another in the northwest Gansu Province, the birthplace of strong dust storm Minqin, due to decreasing water Shiyang upstream, together with excessive exploitation of ground water result in dead dry grass surface, land desertification, a large number of farmers forced to flee their homes. Into the desert north of Green Lake massive southward invasion of soil oasis channel, quicksand annual advance of 8 to 10 meters, nearly 10 years, 3.2 million outflow of population, and some isolated village only a few households, more than half of 44 million mu of farmland due to abandonment of water and sand damage.
3. In southern Xinjiang, the Tarim River ecological disaster continues, the Taklimakan Desert and the desert has many Kumu Tage Local cadres and masses are worried that if the ultimate intersection of two deserts close, leading to disappearance of the lower reaches of the green corridor, will result in a large oasis has been buried in the sand, and other internal and external traffic blocking more serious ecological disaster and social problems.
more worrying is that if two deserts meet, the lower reaches of a desert by the natural composition of Populus euphratica and shrubs more than 300 km long green corridor disappeared, only the second connecting Xinjiang with the Mainland channel 218 State Road will be completely blocked, even the capital of Bavaria, in southern Xinjiang city of Korla will also be surrounded by desert, and then make the Tarim Basin and the rich mineral resources Altun lost the support of the development.
Tarim River is China's largest inland river, the main stream length of 1321 km, it is both southern mother river of millions of people of all nationalities, but also stop the invasion of the desert into the oasis ecological river. Unreasonable due to the long development and utilization, combined with climate change, since 1972, the Tarim River Daxihaizi reservoir 363 km long river the following long-term drying up, sink Taitema Lake dried up, withered large area of dry forest along the dead, the Taklamakan Desert desert thing with Kumu Tage attack, increased desertification.
Bavarian Forest to the information provided in the past few decades, due to the ecological regulation is blunted Tarim River, downstream of the natural shortage of 60% and 40% of Lake Populus bush withered from lack of water decline, more than 400 million mu of grassland degradation. 218 State Road has dozens of tanks have often been sand cover in some areas and some people lost their homes.
to contain further deterioration of ecological environment of the Tarim River is the key to ensuring ecological water. Since 2000, the state and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government to urgently start the Tarim River comprehensive management program recently, and 6 from the Bosten Lake to the water conveyance, on the improvement of ecological environment in the Tarim River, vegetation restoration and protection of green corridors within to a certain extent. However, the ecological disaster deeply embedded and lower reaches and no expectations,
pick up the According to the survey, although the state has invested heavily in afforestation and ecological improvement in some areas, but large areas of natural desert forest were destroyed, so that the fragile eco-worse Northwest. The image of local cadres and masses said, re-afforestation light enclosure, picking up a
- the natural desert forest was severely damaged.
20 century, 80 years, located in the southeast edge of the Taklimakan Desert in Xinjiang Qiemo County, a total of 18 million mu of forest, agricultural production for the county to provide a favorable ecological protection. However, by the dual nature and impact of traditional practices, local farmers and herdsmen still maintain the original wood cutting firewood paid life, the natural desert forest was severely damaged. The natural desert forest ecosystems are among the world's most vulnerable forest ecosystems, and its self-succession, the formation needs of thousands of years, the destruction of only a few years time.
the face of the increasingly serious situation of wind damage, Cele County currently has fenced 48 acres of natural desert forest. Reporters on the scene,UGG boots cheap, natural tamarisk, wild reed has grown to 1 m tall. 150 yuan a month worried rangers did not address the source of wages.
- plantation into the high, closed and Forestation-effective.
investigation, reporters found that afforestation in sandy area in the northwest surprisingly high cost. However, there are state funds to support afforestation, and natural desert forest enclosure task given the small, the funds also often difficult to place. Moyu County's 波斯坦库勒 Ecological Management District in the vast Gobi Desert, the local people under the national funding support for afforestation of 1.2 million mu. County Forestry Bureau, Zhang Zhen years afterwards that the only trees here, an acre of land costs as high as 200 yuan, plus site preparation, digging, drilling wells and water canal facilities, afforestation takes an acre of land 600 to 800 yuan. Chang Chen Year admitted:
at the southern edge of Taklimakan Desert in southern Xinjiang Celle, Qiemo, Ruoqiang counties learned that the local harsh natural environment, and ecological water use and agricultural production in obvious contradiction between the water situation, the construction of artificial shelter had to take irrigation technology, and drip irrigation will not only put the high cost of planting, management and protection of the late long-term investment need, although in some places has resulted in weak management and protection of the woods, and then the back of a huge
4. Curb desertification, mainly to prevent, control balance, so that there is anti-governance, governance in prevention, combining prevention with control.
5 20 May, these organizations in the country, He said the current, in addition to natural factors, the main cause of land desertification in China is the human factor To curb the trend of desertification continues to expand, we must make prevention work,
First, should prevent the blind reclamation. Cleared for farming is the main reason for desertification in China. Since the 50's, China's largest land reclamation occurred 4 times and only reached 2.08 million mu of grassland wasteland, of which 1 million hectares have been abandoned as sand. 1994-1999, the national fixed sand and grass in the reclamation of arable land of 1.7 million square kilometers, which becomes mobile and semi-fixed sandy land area of about 50%.
Second, animals should be given to the grass. At present, most of the pasture grazing greatly exceeding its carrying capacity. National grassland carrying capacity to 450 million theoretical sheep units, as of the end of 1997, the national herds of livestock has reached 140 million, 260 million sheep, the sheep equivalent to 860 million units, almost double the overload.
Third, control of firewood should be taken. Deforestation and over-chiao sand mining has always been the enemy of vegetation, which not only directly reduce the grass cover, more importantly, is to undermine the harmony of forest and grassland environment. From 1994 to 1999, Republican County of Qinghai Province Rural Shazhuyu damage due to sand mining firewood up to 600 hectares of vegetation, Xinjiang Hotan area for the past 5 years, a total destruction of collected firewood in Populus, primarily gray Yang Lin 3800 hectares of natural desert.
Fourth, we should strictly prohibited unauthorized mining. From 1994 to 1999, the Inner Mongolia steppe region damaged by Lou Nostoc area 1.95 million mu, of which 6,000 acres has already been desertified. Yulin coal development is only one area, the destruction of vegetation on the 26 acres, 30 acres of land desertification. Past two years, the state has promulgated laws and regulations, through law enforcement, embrace seaweed has been controlled to some extent, but excessive digging and mining, destruction of vegetation herbal medicine and the phenomenon of disorder is still very prominent.
Fifth, the management of water resources should be strengthened. Due to the unreasonable use of water resources caused by the widespread phenomenon of desertification. Tarim River Basin upstream of the 50 years since the excess water continuously, resulting in 270 km downstream river drying up, dead poplar 530 mu, 100 mu of grassland degradation, forced abandonment of 25 million mu of farmland.
The official also stressed that the cause of land desertification, ecological degradation by many factors, therefore,UGG boots, in the governance of land desertification, highlighting comprehensive. To act in accordance with the laws of nature of plant succession in order to restore vegetation in sandy areas at the core, to be multi-pronged approach, forestry practices, agricultural measures and measures for the integrated use of water, forests and pastures to the implementation of local conditions, forest retreat Pasture to forest and grassland; land to vigorously promote the conservation tillage methods, promoting zero tillage and crop stubble. For water resources, the rational development and utilization, so that the combination of open source and reduce expenditure, in addition to ensure the necessary industrial water, living water, we must also focus on ensuring ecological water. Covering more than 90% of desertified land in China's Beijing and Tianjin sandstorm source control projects, four projects are the Three-North took into account damage due to fortification, because of district facilities policy, proceeded smoothly, the effect is obvious.
Given the current realities, the official suggested that the state should implement a four policy: First, all the contracting grassland to households as soon as possible and resolutely cattle eat grass pot situation; Second, the state-owned barren hills, Huangsha should be provided free of charge to use forests and pastures. Who who who made the implementation of the policy types, and allow inheritance, transfer and sale; third is in the hills, Huang Sha, wasteland afforestation, exempt from any taxes; fourth is forest products, livestock products processing business tax relief.
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